Non Probability Sampling Methods Essay Example for Free

Non Probability Sampling Methods Essay Non-probability sampling is that sampling procedure which does not afford any basis for estimating the probability that each item in the population has of being included in the sample. In this type of sampling, items for the sample are selected deliberately by the researcher; his choice concerning the items remains supreme. Non-Probability Sampling Methods: The common feature in non probability sampling methods is that subjective judgments are used to determine the population that are contained in the sample. The common groups are discussed below; 1. Convenience Sampling 2. Judgement Sampling 3. Quota Sampling 4. Snowball sampling Convenience Sampling This type of sampling is used primarily for reasons of convenience, researchers might either be in need of urgent data so cannot conduct a thorough research or it is simply to satisfy ones curiosity about a subject. This form of sampling is used mostly in marketing studies. For example; a new yoghurt processing company is interested in knowing opinions about the new product (issues like flavour of the yoghurt, consistency of the yoghurt and packaging). The perception is to produce what would best appeal to the customers. A private researcher has been hired and he asks his neighbours (convenient sample) their opinion about the yoghurt. Judgement Sampling The researcher’s personal judgement guides the selection criteria; his discretion that the selected members are representative of the entire population guides the findings. It is used mainly in product tests. For example a research team has been constituted to conduct a survey, if one of the members drops out; the principle investigator has the right to appoint a replacement. This would be done at the discretion of the principle investigator. 6.3.1.3 Quota Sampling This is a very commonly used sampling method in marketing research studies. Here the sample is selected on the basis of certain basic parameters such as age, sex, income and occupation that describe the nature a population so as to make it representative of the population. The Investigators or field workers are instructed to choose a sample that conforms to these parameters. The field workers are assigned quotas of the number of units satisfying the required characteristics on which data should be collected. However, before collecting data on these units, the investigators are supposed to verify that the units qualify these characteristics. Suppose we are conducting a survey to study the buying behavior of a product and it is believed that the buying behavior is greatly influenced by the income level of the consumers. We assume that it is possible to divide our population into three income strata such as high-income group, middle-income group and low-income group. Further it is known that 20% of the population is in high income group, 35% in the middle-income group and 45% in the low-income group. Suppose it is decided to select a sample of size 200 from the population. Therefore, samples of size 40, 70 and90 should come from high income, middle income and low income groups respectively. Now the various field workers are assigned quotas to select the sample from each group in such a way that a total sample of 200 is selected in the same proportion as mentioned above. 6.3.1.4 Snowball Sampling  · The sampling in which the selection of additional respondents (after the first small group of respondents is selected) is based upon referrals from the initial set of respondents.  · It is used to sample low incidence or rare populations  · It is done for the efficiency of finding the additional, hard-to-find members of the sample. 6.3.1.5 Advantages of Non-probability Sampling  · It is much cheaper to probability sampling.  · It is acceptable when the level of accuracy of the research results is not of utmost importance.  · Less research time is required than probability samples.  · It often produces samples quite similar to the population of interest when conducted properly. 6.3.1.6 Disadvantages of Non-probability Sampling  · You cannot calculate Sampling error. Thus, the minimum required sample size cannot be calculated which suggests that you (researcher) may sample too few or too many members of the population of interest.  · You do not know the degree to which the sample is representative of the population from which it was drawn.  · The research results cannot be projected (generalized) to the total population of interest with any degree of confidence.

The novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, written by Samuel L. Essa

The novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, written by Samuel L. Clemens, whose pen name was Mark Twain, presents the evils of southern societies during the pre-Civil War period in America. The novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, written by Samuel L. Clemens, whose pen name was Mark Twain, presents the evils of southern societies during the pre-Civil War period in America. Clemens, a well-respected author, "began writing The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn in 1876 and, after several stops and starts, completed it in 1883" (19). This novel revolves around the theme of slavery versus freedom, and was published at a time when most southern landowners still "owned" slaves. Huck Finn is a novel that incorporates the struggles of a young boy, Huck Finn, with that of a cruel, careless world, on his travel down the Mississippi River in attempt at finding his own identity. In this essay, I will present textual evidence that proves that the Seven Deadly Sins are directly associated with the types of evil in the novel, making Huck's world one of violence, terror, and death. The Seven Deadly Sins will be discussed according to their significance throughout the novel, beginning with: 1.) Pride; 2.) Avarice and Sloth; 3.) Gluttony and Wrath; and 4.) Envy and Lust. Clemens' main character, Huck Finn, experiences a great deal of violence throughout the novel as a direct result of the most significant Deadly Sin, Pride. Huck's father, Pap, is a drunkard who continuously exemplifies the sin of Pride. Pap finds extreme Pride in the "white man" with the legality of slavery. An example of his Pride is seen when an inebriated Pap verbally attacks free blacks in the States. He states, "It was 'lection day, and I was... ...usion, the Seven Deadly Sins of Pride, Avarice, Sloth, Gluttony, Wrath, Envy, and Lust are significant in the novel with making Huck's world full of violence and death. The deadly sins committed throughout the work produce an undesirable life for society, and much less for a child of Huck's age. The wondrous adventure that Huck assumes he will take on at the beginning of the novel, becomes no match to the evils that the young boy will view on his journey. The Seven Deadly Sins are all directly linked to the evils that Huck experiences. Huck's eventful, yet horrific adventure becomes the base for which he is forced into manhood. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn takes the audience from "the endless summer of childhood pleasures.", found in Clemens' The Adventures of Tom Sawyer to the "violence, terror, and death that lurk at the edges of the village"(19).

Comparasion Wks Essay

Indiana Common Core Standards: †¢Analyze the representation of a subject or a key scene in two different artistic mediums, including what is emphasized or absent in each treatment. †¢Analyze various accounts of a subject told in different mediums, determining which details are emphasized in each account. †¢Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text. †¢Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including how it emerges and is shaped and refined by specific details; provide an objective summary of the text. Part One Directions: Use the following criteria to compare the film Simon Birch to the short story The Scarlet Ibis. Simon BirchScarlet IbisSimilarities/Differences Characters †¢Main characters †¢Protagonist/Antagonist †¢Round/Flat †¢Static/Dynamic †¢Evidence—use a quote from the text AND a line from the story to back up your answerSimon and joe Doodle and his big brotherThey erre both narrated by the second character Plot †¢Setting impact on plot (if any) †¢Events †¢Evidence Motivations †¢Characters †¢Same/different? †¢Evidence Tries to say that he is gods instrument Point of view †¢First or third person? †¢Limited or omniscient? †¢Evidence First person First personThey were both in first person and the narrator wasn’t the main character it was the second character Symbols †¢Symbols in story †¢Symbols in movie †¢Symbols that are similar in both †¢Anything left out? †¢EvidenceHis baseball cards and the armadillo The scarlet ibisThey both mean something to the main characters Theme †¢Theme of the movie †¢Theme of the story †¢Similarities in theme? †¢Differences in theme? †¢Evidence Setting †¢Setting of the story †¢Setting of the movie †¢Similarities in setting? †¢Differences in setting? †¢EvidenceI think that is takes place in the 1950’s? Because of the cars that was in the movie I dont know They both take place in the past Irony †¢Irony and type present in story †¢Irony and type present in movie †¢Similarities †¢Differences †¢EvidenceHe loved to play baseball and he loved joes mom but he killed her with a baseball that he hit into foul territory Situational irony Dramatic irony because when the scarlet ibis died we new that doodle was soon going to die Both of the main characters die

Premarital Sex Is Not a Sin Against God - 1785 Words

Graham Mattison Dr. Kathleen Corley Bible and current events Position paper May 4, 2004 Premarital sex is not a sin against God? The Bible does not forbid premarital sex. There is no passage of the Bible that references premarital sex as a sin against God. The association between sin and premarital sex is a new Christian idea. The only possible reference to premarital sex being a sin in the Bible is in the New Testament. This premise although, is generally dismissed by theologians because the Greek word pornei, or sexual immorality is commonly incorrectly translated into the English word fornication. In Biblical times women were the owned property of a man. Men ruled over women and their children. Women had very few, if†¦show more content†¦The reason for this was that in biblical times adultery was defined as a situation in which there was the danger of a married woman being impregnated by another man. This is also why sex with a prostitute is/was not adultery, even if the man is married. In the Hebrew understanding of the Adultery Commandment of Moses, Adult ery, as understood by what Moses said, was only wrong for married women, never a married man. Even Solomon, a great prophet of the figure of the Bible who was said to be favored by God had seven hundred princesses and three hundred concubines. The Bible shows that polygamy, rape, incest, and orgies are not only accepted, but was often rewarded, by God and was common practice of great men of the Bible, none of whom wherever spoken out against in the Bible. Christ s teachings at the Sermon on the Mount were that the only law is the law of love. He showed this by reversing four of the Old Testament laws which conflicted with loving people. Therefore, anything that was unkind, not by mutual consent, etc. would be immoral for a Christian, but obviously not loving sexuality regardless of marital status or natural sexual orientation. The New Testament says nothing about premarital sex. Some versions though do mistranslate the Greek word pornei, which means sexual immorality, into the Engli sh word fornication, which means sexual intercourse with someone who one is not married to. Pornei, meaning sexual immorality, included suchShow MoreRelatedPremarital Sex Essay1571 Words   |  7 PagesPremarital Sex Premarital sex is defined as when two people begin to engage in sexual intercourse before marriage. In todays society premarital sex has become part of the norm and has been accepted. Many young adults are living together before marriage and engaging in sexual activity. It has become apparent that more people are involving themselves in premarital sex and do not acknowledge that it is an immoral act. Sex has become a symbol for pleasure and is no longer considered sacred in today’sRead MorePre-Marital Sex803 Words   |  4 PagesI. Supports premarital sex A. 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